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Phase difference, φ

The fraction of a cycle by which one oscillation leads or lags another, expressed as an angle (2π rad = one full cycle).

What this actually means

How far one oscillation is ahead of or behind another, as a fraction of a cycle in angle form. There is no λ here; the working fraction is Δt/T.

0 means in phase, π means antiphase. Quote answers within 0 to 2π.

Phase difference between two oscillations only holds meaning when they share a frequency; otherwise it drifts continuously.

Prove it — watch it be true

  1. Watch the x and v phasors rotate together
  2. The angle between them never changes: a fixed phase difference
  3. Read it off: a quarter turn, π/2
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