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← all cardsTopic 11 · Wave Motion · Energy & intensity

Proportionality → ratio, always

● VERBATIM — examined word-for-word

I ∝ y₀² is not an equation — solve by ratio: I₂/I₁ = (y₀₂/y₀₁)². If P and A are both unknown, I = P/A is unusable; ratios still work. Amplitude ratio = √(intensity ratio) — square/root in the right direction.

What this actually means

A proportionality has no equals sign, so numbers cannot be plugged in directly. Divide two instances instead: I₂/I₁ = (y₀₂/y₀₁)², and every unknown constant cancels.

Going the other way, the amplitude ratio is the square ROOT of the intensity ratio. Halve the amplitude, quarter the intensity; four times the intensity means the amplitude doubled.

When P and A are both unknown, I = P/A is a dead end, but ratios still close the question. That is the whole method.

The trap

Squaring or rooting in the wrong direction — amplitude ratio is the square root of the intensity ratio.

Prove it — watch it be true

  1. Note the intensity meter, then press A ×2
  2. The meter shows ×4: the ratio (2)² in action
  3. Reverse it: to halve intensity you need A divided by √2, not by 2
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